磨床的種類多、應用廣、對于加工人員也有一定的要求。很多時候我們需要加工高精度的工件，那磨床的哪些因素會影響工件加工的精度呢?今天磨床生產廠家 勤龍磨床的(de)小(xiao)編來帶大家(jia)看一(yi)下(xia)，讓大家(jia)對(dui)于磨床有更深的(de)了解(jie)。

1. 磨床的幾何精度

機(ji)床制造或多或少有誤差(cha)存在。這種(zhong)誤差(cha)將在工(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)時不同程度反(fan)映到(dao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)上(shang)來，而影響其(qi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度。一般有主軸的徑向跳動(dong)和(he)軸向竄動(dong)，工(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)等(deng)運動(dong)部件(jian)移動(dong)的直(zhi)線(xian)度，工(gong)(gong)作部件(jian)的相互位置誤差(cha)和(he)傳(chuan)動(dong)誤差(cha)等(deng)。

砂輪(lun)主軸(zhou)的(de)(de)徑(jing)向(xiang)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)和軸(zhou)向(xiang)竄動(dong)(dong)(dong)及磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)頭(tou)架運動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差大(da)，不僅(jin)影響(xiang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削后的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)，還會(hui)使工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)產生圓度(du)和端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)跳動(dong)(dong)(dong)，造(zao)成磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)火花不均勻(yun)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)在(zai)垂直面(mian)(mian)(mian)不垂直時，在(zai)內(nei)、外(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)上，影響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)母線的(de)(de)直線性，在(zai)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削平面(mian)(mian)(mian)，造(zao)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)度(du)誤(wu)差大(da)。外(wai)圓磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)砂輪(lun)主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線和內(nei)圓磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)砂輪(lun)軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線與工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)頭(tou)架軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線不等高(gao)，在(zai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削內(nei)、外(wai)錐體(ti)時，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)母線是雙曲(qu)線。砂輪(lun)主軸(zhou)軸(zhou)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線對工(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)方向(xiang)不平行(xing)，影響(xiang)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削后的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平直度(du)。磨(mo)(mo)(mo)床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)誤(wu)差，對螺紋磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削和齒輪(lun)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)削的(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度(du)影響(xiang)很大(da)。

2. 磨床的剛度

它(ta)是指磨(mo)床承(cheng)受外(wai)力(磨(mo)削(xue)力)時，其部(bu)件(jian)(jian)抵抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)能力。也即是在同樣的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)削(xue)力的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下，部(bu)件(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)越(yue)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，表(biao)示(shi)剛度(du)越(yue)大。反之，部(bu)件(jian)(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)大，表(biao)示(shi)此(ci)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)剛度(du)就(jiu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。這些(xie)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，破壞了磨(mo)床靜(jing)態的(de)(de)(de)原始幾何精度(du)，將引(yin)起工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)誤差的(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。所以剛度(du)好的(de)(de)(de)機床，工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)精度(du)高(gao)。

3. 熱變形

磨床(chuang)內部(bu)(bu)的(de)熱源分布不(bu)均勻，各個部(bu)(bu)位在運(yun)動中產(chan)生的(de)熱量多少也不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)，外界熱源對機(ji)床(chuang)各部(bu)(bu)位的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)也不(bu)一樣(yang)，零(ling)部(bu)(bu)件因材(cai)料不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)熱膨脹系數(shu)也不(bu)相同(tong)(tong)(tong)，造成(cheng)機(ji)床(chuang)各部(bu)(bu)分不(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)微量變(bian)形，使機(ji)床(chuang)原(yuan)始幾何精度(du)下(xia)降，而影(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度(du)。所以精密磨床(chuang)最好安裝在恒溫室使用，以防(fang)止溫度(du)的(de)變(bian)化對機(ji)床(chuang)和工(gong)(gong)件的(de)精度(du)產(chan)生影(ying)響(xiang)。

4. 磨床運動部件爬行

磨床工作(zuo)臺砂(sha)輪架(jia)等(deng)運動部件在作(zuo)微量周期進給或(huo)低速(su)連續移動時，出(chu)現運動不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻的(de)現象，通稱為爬行。當(dang)磨床有這種現象發生時，使磨削過程中的(de)進給不(bu)(bu)均(jun)勻，而影響(xiang)工件磨削表面(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)。

5. 磨床的振動

磨(mo)床(chuang)在磨(mo)削過程中(zhong)產生振(zhen)動(dong)，使砂輪和(he)工(gong)件問相對位置發(fa)生周(zhou)期性的變動(dong)，使工(gong)件表(biao)面(mian)產生振(zhen)紋(wen)，嚴重影響加工(gong)質量和(he)精度。

以上就是磨床生產廠家勤龍磨床小(xiao)編整理的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)于磨床加(jia)工精度的(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)內容，除了我們(men)上述提到的(de)(de)幾(ji)個影響因(yin)素之(zhi)外，還有使用(yong)的(de)(de)工藝方法等(deng)，這些都是我們(men)需要注意的(de)(de)內容。